The frequency and severity of climate abnormal change displays an irregular upward cycle as global warming intensifies. Therefore. this paper employs a doubly stochastic Poisson process with Black Derman Toy (BDT) intensity to describe the catastrophic characteristics. By using the Property Claim Services (PCS) loss index data from 2001 to 2010 provided by the US Insurance Services Of... https://pipingrockers.shop/product-category/elderberry-sambucus/